IN PRACTICE – #1

By Scott Backes
Alpine Mentoring.com

“IN PRACTICE”

One of the worst moments in every ice climb that is near the edge of our ability, is that instant when you stand with your tools in the ice, but your feet still on the ground. You’re looking at your belayer and he or she gives you the nod and its time to go. You feel the flush of chemicals course through you from head to toe. A more than reasonable doubt exists as to whether or not you can do it. There may be dread or a feeling of being over whelmed by the task at hand. You may even feel a little doomed as you bring that first foot up to start the process. You may even feel what I have felt on a number of occasions, “What the hell am I doing here?” So you commit to the route and lo and behold, it does suck to be you. The ice is worse than you hoped and it feels steeper than vertical. As you stop to place the first screw, the ice is airy and brittle. The screw won’t start, so you chop away some more ice and peck a little starter hole to help the screw get going, but it doesn’t help. Finally you feel the threads catch and you twist it home. The problem is, that half way through, the screw hits an air pocket and spins in with no resistance the rest of the way. It wobbles as you try to clip it. You start to feel the pump coming on almost immediately. Panic sets in and it’s time for either retreat or a real epic…

We’ve all been there. Grade III or Grade VII it doesn’t matter, if it’s near your ability you will undoubtedly encounter at least some of the fun described above. What the next two “IN PRACTICE” pieces will deal with is how to eliminate as many of epic makers as possible. The causes for our meltdowns are many, but can be divided up into two categories: The Physical and The Mental. This “IN PRACTICE” will deal with the physical  details that can enhance or derail your efforts. The physical factors I am referring to are not your fitness, but rather all the actual implements and the physical circumstances that can affect the outcome of your performance. The next “IN PRACTICE” piece will deal with  how to influence the mental and psychological circumstances of a difficult lead. These  conditions obviously include will and courage but also include a number of relatively easily amendable attitudes and assumptions that are often undervalued or overlooked. Taken together the sum of these parts can change a routine ascent into an emergency room vacation or, if properly applied, change an out of control “Shakefest” into a difficult, but memorable personal best.

The physical manifestations of ice climbing are many. From the medium itself: the flow of ice we’ve chosen to climb, to the instep strap of our gaiters, everything used to ascend has weight in the relative difficulty equation. Lets start with our mode of expression, the ice. Ice is by its nature a changeable medium. We can use this malleability to shape our ascent; even shape our experience with it. Hooking up fragile features with little or no protection during an early season foray is completely different than thunking hero ice in 28 degree March afternoon. You are in charge when and where you go climbing and you are in charge of what routes you do. Be careful to chose your ice climbing objectives to match your needs. Early in my career, being in Canada in March helped me to have the confidence to tackle big routes right at the edge of my ability. The solid blue single swing ice meant that I would have good gear to keep my head in the game and the ease of placements allowed me to marshal enough power for the crux. Conversely, these days easier routes of wonderful quality often times are left untouched. With limited time and unlimited ambition I have often neglected easier classics in favor of an at my limit hit list. Early season ascents have changed that somewhat. By visiting areas right at the start of the season, I have been forced to backed off of climbs two grades below my “normal” ability and have put adventure into routes that I would have normally left for retirement days.

The knowledge of how ice forms and having enough experience to know what to expect, can make a difference in how we go about our ascent. After years of climbing steep pillars I finally started to notice some patterns in the way they formed and the way the difficulty was laid out due to those patterns. In most cases the first 15-35 feet are the technical crux of the route. Because it is the last section of the climb to form, the ice at the bottom of the pillar is more aerated, more brittle and steeper than anywhere else on the climb (umbrella roofs excepted). Obviously knowing this gives you a psychological edge, which I’ll talk about in the mental factor section. But, there are also concrete steps you can take if you know this information. Where are you going to stop for the first screw? Because the ice will most likely be funky, always make sure the first screw on your rack or clipper is a 22cm(long) one and that you have a screamer for it. Look carefully to see where the telltale white/gray ice gives way to blue. Is one side of the pillar a better color or better consistency (even if its steeper) than the other?  Lastly look for rests-mushrooms to stand on, grooves to stem, or subsidiary pillars to lean against or stem out to and plan your ascent around them. My biggest mistakes on those early test piece leads were failing to look ahead and failing to reap the benefits of foresight.

There are two other physical contingencies’ that affect your experience on the lead. The first is the set-up of your gear. The second is the mobility of your clothing system. The single most important lesson I can teach you about gear, is that it needs to be dialed in to the point of invisibility. Your tools leashes, your racking system for your screws and other hardware, your crampon straps-basically every piece of gear you climb with needs to be set up correctly. The experience you are looking for, is one of having all your gear work together so well, that you never think about it. Every time you have to fight to get the right size screw, every time your leashes come loose, every time you are taken out of the moment to deal with circumstances outside of the climbing, you have failed. It might be as minor as a single curse-it might mean a leader fall. Take the time to have your gear in order before you launch up that cauliflower pillar, and you experience will improve immeasurable

The last issue I want to touch on, is mobility. Once again the principal I want to stress here is invisibility. Gone are the days when a set of heavy Gore Tex bibs and jacket was the only real choice to climb ice in. by taking advantage of “soft shell” technology, we can feel much more like rock climbers in tights and a tee shirt than a knight in armor. Scheoller, Powershield, and a host of other like fabrics have set us free. By taking advantage of these stretchy warm and durable fabrics we can let go of another distraction and concentrate more on the matter at hand-surviving our lead. The energy savings that come from unencumbered movement can be put towards the crux.

Taken together, all of the physical factors I have talked about can make a major difference in your next difficult lead. I hope you will take advantage of my learning curve. Next time I’ll talk about the intangibles that come in to play on difficult leads.

Scott Backes

X-treme Tape

Originally developed for the military, this new silicone tape is ideal for wrapping your ice tool. And with the 6 different colors it is easy to individualize your tools.

It’s self-fusing, and requires no adhesive since it only bonds to itself. X-treme tape stretches to 3 times its length, conforms to irregular shapes easily, and withstands UV rays, acids and fuels. Won’t melt to 500° F. Remains flexible to -60°F. Insulates to 8000 volts. Forms a permanent air and watertight seal. Once wrapped over itself, it forms a bond immediately, and is permanently fused in 24 hours. Each roll is 1″ wide x 10′.

This is the best tape I have found for wrapping ice tools and is similar to the original tape that comes on the Petzl charlet Nomic. Sticker but not as durable.

Available from

Duluth Trading Company

Resources for Climbers

The American Alpine Club provides new electronic
resources for climbers

(GOLDEN, COLO.) – The   American
Alpine Club (AAC) today (Aug. 11,2003) announced the launch of a
powerful new web resource that provides outdoors
people with access to the catalog of one of the
world’s largest outdoor libraries.
The new on-line accessible database allows access to
18,200 books, journals, guides, and instructional
videos. It offers several search options including
browsing through the entire collection, or by specific
authors, titles, and subjects.
For example, entering in
the word “Yosemite” brings up 143 listings, with
hyperlinks to more detailed descriptions about
available books, videos, and journals. With the AAC’s
long-distance lending privileges, AAC members may use
the online search option to find items that they can
then have sent directly to their door.
The American Alpine Club
Henry S. Hall, Jr. Library has one of the most
extensive collections of mountaineering books, guides,
videos, and journals in the world. Currently there are
18,200 items, including rare books, one-of-a-kind
maps, and frequent new additions. The AAC Library is also
available for mountaineering or climbing research
questions. The Library’s strengths include Mount
Everest and the Himalayas, a diversity of guidebooks,
the Alps, and mountaineering history.
“The new searchable
database allows anyone to search the catalog of the
AAC library and discover sources of knowledge to help
them plan their next climb, trip, or expedition,” said
AAC Executive Director Charley Shimanski. “It makes it
easier for you to find titles in our library in Golden
than to find them on your own bookshelf.”
This new resource is
part of a redesigned website. The new site is easier
to navigate than the previous one and is full of
useful information on AAC grants, benefits, huts,
policy, publications, and rescue insurance.
Advantrics LLC
generously donated their time and resources to develop
the AAC’s new website. Advantrics is leading
the development of multimedia-based products and
designs for enhancing the presentation of information
on the Internet. Since 1998, Advantrics has acquired
and developed products and services to help its
customers find the right Internet solution.
About The American Alpine Club
The American Alpine Club
is a national 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that
has represented climbers for an entire century.
Founded in 1902, The American Alpine Club is dedicated
to promoting climbing knowledge, conserving mountain
environments, and serving the American climbing
community. The AAC currently has 7,200 members
throughout the U.S. and across the globe.
Contact: Jessica Meinerz

(303) 384 – 0110 ext. 18

jmeinerz@americanalpineclub.org

AMERICAN ALPINE CLUB
LIBRARY

Dragon Tales

By Pedro I Espina

Have you ever seen how water, trapped between rock and
ice, is forced by gravity to dance along an
intricate labyrinth of micro-channels on its way
from the high snowfields to the river below? Every
spring in the highlands, this dance is repeated as
winter withdraws until next year. Occasionally,
water is temporarily detained by the night’s cold,
but in the morning, as the geese fly north, the
sun once again sets it free on its path to the
sea. This is the way in which dragons die.
My youth was full of tales of knights who,
centuries ago, slew dragons in the name of love,
glory, and God. The lonely speckle of the shining
armor moved forward even as fear engulfed him. As
the duel began, a wind of fire submerged our hero
in a kiss of death. Thrusting shield ahead, he
blindly slashed the air in search of the beast,
his panic forgotten in a fight for survival.
In those tales the hero never died. Triumphant, he
rode his horse back to the safety of the castle
where he joined in the company of fellow knights
until death called again. I envisioned them
sitting by a fire, drinking, eating, laughing, and
sharpening their tools prior to dawn’s call to
battle. For those men their purpose was clear,
their brotherhood comforted them, and the world
outside seemed as mysterious and inhospitable as
the dragons themselves.
Adulthood replaced the dragon tales with a 9 to 5
reality that numbed the spirit and dulled the
mind. In the adult world, distinction is found in
a never-ending quest for larger numbers, and honor
is reserved for multimillion-dollar athletes and
minimum wage soldiers. Loyalty is to the god of
Money and brotherhood is a four-letter-word used
to describe radicals on the 11-oclock news.
As I grew older, I was indoctrinated in the
numbers game and dedicated a decade and a half to
the search for elusive distinction in the academic
world. I betrayed many and was betrayed by a few
others. As brother was murdered, a dollar in my
pocket became my friend. Love proved disposable,
and the dream of parenthood was forgotten, as a
dog became my child. When at last, I had
extirpated from my life all who cared for me,
prescriptions consoled me and cynicism became my
lover.
In pursuit of another way to spend my disposable
income, I came across a group of men for whom the
rules of adulthood did not apply. The source or
frequency of earnings did not torment them and for
these men, the comfort of a woman was optional.
Numbers were few, but most important, they were
meaningless. Their worth was based on the love
they felt for each other and for the game. In the
place where they gathered, money, titles, and
social status were of no use and as they sat by
the fire, ate, drank, and laughed, time had no
meaning and serenity was ubiquitous.
In the beginning, I was not prepared for life in
the Bivouac. Although I was among the first
outsiders to be granted access, I tried to modify
it to suit my adult values. I found strange that
in this place liquid barley was used as legal
tender and the sanctuary of a cold three-wall
bathroom seemed rudimentary. My numbers did not
matter, for there was always one that could beat
them with little fanfare. I felt insignificant and
in search of shelter, I labeled them as misfits.
Nonetheless, they embraced me as they waited for
the mystery of the brotherhood to cast its spell.
Every fall, as the geese migrated south, I
pilgrimaged north to the land of ice dragons and
the shelter of the Bivouac. Ice climbers, bigger
than life, gave me friendship, advice (or Beta),
and cheered me on my small lizards slays. In time,
I became one among them.
At the Bivouac two rules are enforced – “Keep the
door closed” and “There are no rules.” Social
niceties are simple: bring beers for all when you
get your own, do not impose tobacco products on
others, and fill the wood stove once per visit.
Newcomers are brought one at time, and their
behavior is the responsibility of those who bring
them. The nights are filled with stories, the
aroma of cannabis mixed with poor personal
hygiene, and the sound of ice tools being
sharpened. Women who do not seek to shape the
behavior of this rendezvous bunch are welcomed and
dogs are treated like anyone else.
Every morning, a ritual is repeated; at dawn
alarms go off, the stove is lighted, packs are
stuffed, and the Gore-Tex armor is clothed.
4-wheel drives are loaded and quietly the knights
go in search of ice dragons. During the first few
winters, would-be dragon slayers serve as page
boys (or belayers) and in return they are taught
the craft of ice climbing – the sound of a good
tool placement, the efficient way to place ice
screws, the proper way to sharpen a tool, and how
to avoid swollen knuckles. Because frozen
waterfalls – like dragons – come in all sizes and
with all sorts of temperaments, every occupant of
the Bivouac has a project to fear, from
Chouinard’s to Premature Birth. Poke-O-Moonshine
is the favorite playground and on a good day, most
of the Bivouac’s inhabitants lay siege to its
frozen smears and mixed ground.
One day this past season, as I went to Poke-O in
search of the infamous dragon known as Positive
Thinking, I found few options when various teams
of climbers waited for their turn to test their
steel. While time vanished, Gary and I searched
for alternatives and the improbability of The
Runnel turned into the thing to do. The first few
moves through a dry crack were strenuous, but the
availability of a piton 20-ft up made escaping a
real possibility. At the piton, the water drip
between rock and ice indicated the clear
delamination of the late winter ice. Carefully, I
pressed my crampon front points into the ice sheet
hoping for it to remain integral under my weight.
Inch by inch, I moved up as sweat dripped down my
back. The runnel – no wider than 8 inches anywhere
– was mostly delaminated too. For the first time
in that winter, serious injury was a distinct
possibility and as I moved up, I felt the creature
creeping under my weight.
With the swing of an alpine tool, the dragon
finally awoke. Forty pounds of ice came crashing
onto my face almost knocking me off the climb.
Hanging from one tool, I slowly regained
consciousness as blood poured from my left eye. As
retreating was not practical, my only option was
up. Trying to continue, I scanned for a tool
placement when a golf ball-sized chuck of ice came
crashing into my forehead adding insult to injury.
My friend Ian, realizing the seriousness of my
condition, encouraged me from above; below, Gary
readied himself for a running-downhill belay in
case both, the Runnel and I came crashing down.
Once I regained awareness, I focused more than
ever before. My mind diminished the climb to a
small sphere of influence, which protected me. A
questionably placed nut ran down the rope as I
moved past it. Ian continued the encouragement –
“Why we do this? Because it is fun…” A few feet
higher, a glove flew down and landed on my face.
What else could be sent from above? – I wondered.
When I reached Ian and the safety of the belay
station, I knew that my scholarship had paid off:
in slaying this dragon, I had put to rest many of
my demons. And that night, when the Bivouac door
opened, my brothers cheered for me.
In his book The Little Prince, Antoine de Saint
Exupéry wrote – “Grown-ups never understand
anything by themselves, and it is tiresome for
children to be always and forever explaining
things to them.” If it has been a while since you
grew up and numbers are important to you, I am
sorry to have bored you with this tale of children
trapped in grown men’s bodies. However, for those
of you who quietly still believe, know that there
is a land of ice dragons and a brotherhood of
ice-climbing knights waiting for you in the
Adirondacks’ winter lands.

Trad Climbing

You know you’re a trad climber when…

•All your draws are 12” long

• your kid climbs harder than you do

• you’ve worn out a set of cams

• there is scar tissue on the back of your hands

• you shave the back of your hands

• you have six partially used rolls of tape in your pack

• you quit sport climbing because you can’t do any of the routes

• you see lots of sunrises on your climbing trips

• you say, “what?” when your leader says, “take!”

• your ledge is set up in your room to hold all your climbing gear

• you have climbing shoes you can wear all-day

• you don’t care when your gym membership expires

• you enjoy guilt-free eating

• you don’t know what your body-fat % is

• you ask your partner how much water to bring along

• you do a first ascent and report the names of both members in your party

• you drop your belay device and you still know how to belay

• you read back-issues or mountain gazette

• you know how to turn a crack ‘n up into a beak

• you know what a beak is

• you wake up at 2:00 am to go climbing

• your drill uses a hammer

• you take a nap in the middle of a climb

• you spend three hours removing a fixed cam

• you don’t want beta

• you think a bong is a type of piton

• you remember when climbing gear didn’t have springs

• you take a forty footer

• you summit a desert tower

• you know what an abalakov hook is

• you still use a gear sling

• there is a holster on your harness

• you rappel six pitches in the dark

• you rappel six pitches in the snow

• you drill from a stance

• you’re looking down at the birds

• you own a hammer and a haul bag

• you have sex on a belay ledge

• you’re on day 2 of a sport climbing trip and you can’t remember what you did on day 1

• you drop your water bottle and it takes five seconds to hit

• your rack is worth more than your car

• your best memories are from the epics you’ve had

• you have a great day of climbing then find out you didn’t do the route you thought you did

• you spend a night hanging in slings

• you miss work on Monday because you epic’d on Sunday

• a whole block of chalk fits in your chalk bag

• you dump your S.O. because he just doesn’t get it

• you wear out a set of jugs

• you drive all night so you can climb all-day

• you drive all night because you climbed all-day

• you’re up so high the trees look like broccoli

• your rack of pins is heavier than your rack of draws

• your slings have knots in them

• you know who larry penberthy is

• you know the difference between a copperhead and a circle head

• you think “beta” is a videotape format

• you can shit and belay at the same time

• you wear socks in your climbing shoes

• a long approach doesn’t deter you from a good climb

• a good job doesn’t deter you from a good climb

• Hendrix runs through your head while you’re climbing

• you coil your rope

• you’ve set up a belay with the only piece of gear left on your rack

• your climbing pants don’t stretch 

Trends and Analysis

Ice Climbing Participation Trends and Analysis

by Tom Stuessy

Introduction

In the spring of 2005 NEIce was asked to help with an ice climbing
research effort.  The site’s owner, Doug Millen, agreed to assist
and posted the survey on the web page.

The study focused on how perceptions of risk, creativity, and
challenge while at work influenced the way people participated in
ice climbing.  In addition to the correlations between work and ice
climbing, trends in ice climbing were also investigated regarding
gear and type of participation.  Trends investigated included
soloing and leashless climbing.  These two dimensions of climbing
were isolated due to the consequences of making a mistake while
performing one of them.

As can be seen in a recent article written by Will Gadd (2006) in Gripped magazine, climbing is in fact a risky endeavor.  It is
not the focus of this article to argue for or against what Will Gadd
has done to promote or discourage risky climbing, but rather to shed
some light on our current participation trends that increase risk to
the sport of ice climbing such as leashless climbing.

Participation in risk recreation is the act of
intentionally putting oneself in harms way.  The motivations to
engage in high-risk recreation range from social pressure, seeking
an identity, adrenalin, or testing one’s skill (Ewert & Hollenhorst,
1989). Testing one’s mettle is primal. However, society takes great
measures to protect people from danger at all levels. Most of what
is needed for basic survival can be ordered over the phone or
Internet. Humans no longer have to physically fight in order to show
dominance or survive; yet these urges are still present. High-risk
recreation is the most socially accepted and convenient way to
engage with these urges.  To experience risk, employ skill, and to
survive is a primal requirement.

The Sample

The sample was comprised of 67 climbers at “Ice Fest” in North
Conway and those solicited on NEIce during the spring of 2005
(N=358).  Among the sample 92 % were male and the average experience
level was 7.9 years of climbing.  Ages among ranged from 18-65 with
74% falling between 24-49 years of age.

Participation Trends and Data Analysis

The survey asked questions regarding solo and leashless
climbing.  Perception of risk associated with climbing solo or
without leashes was correlated to how confident subjects were
regarding climbing skill.  In addition, measures of control,
freedom, and challenge will be shared.

Subjects that rated their climbing skill as better than
average perceived climbing solo as more dangerous for themselves
than others.  Conversely, risk recreation literature illustrates
that risk recreationists will typically rate their own skill as
superior to others, which would have resulted in a perception that
climbing solo for others is more dangerous than for themselves.
This finding is encouraging as it lends some support to the notion
that ice climbers can effectively decipher their own skill base and
can choose appropriate challenges while ice climbing.

In addition to rating the risk associated with solo climbing,
perceptions of leashless climbers were also collected and analyzed.
Those climbers among the sample that rated their own climbing skill
above average did not perceive leashless climbing as being easier or
more liberating to movement while climbing, nor was it perceived as
being more dangerous.

It is a commonly accepted notion in adventure recreation literature
that feelings of control are a motivating force in participation.
Data analysis determined that those climbers that perceive their
skill as above average had strong correlations with feelings of
control and confidence while ice climbing.  Feelings of control
while ice climbing were highly correlated with perceptions of
confidence while at work.  Feelings of expression and creativity
while ice climbing were also highly correlated with feelings of
freedom and creativity while at work.

These relationships were not inverse, meaning that climbers did not
seek feelings of control and freedom while ice climbing because of
low perceptions of control and freedom while at work.  Instead,
feelings of control and freedom transcend both dimensions of the
subject’s lives.

Discussion

The data collected as a result of this research effort
supported the notion that ice climbers are a motivated, creative,
and educated group of people.   This research points to ice climbers
having accurate meta-skills (ability to judge one’s own knowledge)
and work lives that allow for expression and freedom.

Leashless climbing will continue to grow given the data
collected here.  Among the sample leashless climbing was not
perceived as more dangerous.  However, it was also not perceived as
being to the climber’s advantage.  This issue will continue to be
controversial among student climbers.  While a student can hang from
a leash and not drop a tool because of a leash, they can ignorantly
commit to a section of ice that will break leaving them connected to
a large fallen piece of ice via the tool’s leash.  The pedagogical
use of leashless tools is still up for debate.

The data presented here lends support to the notion that climbers
can effectively assess the dangers associated with solo climbing,
particularly for themselves.  Future research needs to better
address perceived skills in all areas of climbing such as when
climbers are ready to lead or how different types of climbing
environments influence climbing participation/decisions.

It is obvious that more data collection focused on trends
exclusively is needed.  It is hoped that this collection will take
place in the near future and shared among the greater ice climbing
community.  During data collection subjects emailed the primary
investigator with great suggestions.  These suggestions will help
mold a subsequent data collection process.

Tom Stuessy is a professor at Green Mountain College in Poultney,
Vermont in the Recreation and Outdoor Studies Department.  He would
like to hear your suggestions for future research.  What research do
you think will help the climbing the community the most?  If you
have suggestions please send them to Tom at: stuessyt@greenmtn.edu.

Blogs

Mixed Climbing / Echo Crag

(c) Doug Millen

Video – Party of Five!


Soft, wet, runny ice on pitch three. The chockstone looms above

Festiglace 2007

(c) Doug Millen